BHARAT RATNA
‘Bharat Ratna’, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954.
Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex is eligible for these
awards.
It is awarded for exceptional service towards advancement of Art, Literature and Science,
and in recognition of public service of the highest order.
The recommendations for Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister himself to the
President. No formal recommendations for this are necessary.
The number of annual awards is restricted to a maximum of three in a particular year.
On conferment of the award, the recipient receives a Sanad (certificate) signed by the
President and a medallion.
The award does not carry any monetary grant.
In terms of Article 18 (1) of the Constitution, the award cannot be used as a prefix or suffix
to the recipient’s name. However, should an award winner consider it necessary, he/she
may use the following expression in their bio-data/letterhead/visiting card etc. to
indicate that he/she is a recipient of the award: -
‘Awarded Bharat Ratna by the President’
or
‘Recipient of Bharat Ratna award’
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PADMA AWARDS
1• Padma Awards were instituted in the year 1954. Except for brief interruption(s) during the years 1978 and 1979 and 1993 to 1997, these awards have been announced every year on Republic Day.
2• The award is given in three categories, namely, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri.
3• Padma Shri is awarded for ‘distinguished service’;
Padma Bhushan for ‘distinguished service of a high order’; and
Padma Vibhushan for ‘exceptional and distinguished service.
4• The award seeks to recognize work of any distinction and is given for
distinguished and exceptional achievements/service in all fields of
activities/disciplines, such as Art,Literature and Education, Sports, Medicine, Social
Work, Science and Engineering, Public Affairs, Civil Service, Trade and Industry etc.
5• All persons without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex are eligible for
these awards.
6• The award is normally not conferred posthumously. However, in highly deserving
cases, the Government could consider giving an award posthumously if the demise of
the person proposed to be honoured has been recent, say within a period of one year
preceding the Republic Day on which it is proposed to announce the award.
7• A higher category of Padma award can be conferred on a person only where a
period of atleast five years has elapsed since conferment of the earlier Padma award.
However, in highly deserving cases, a relaxation can be made by the Awards
Committee.
8• It is the usual practice is to invite recommendations every year from all State/UT
Governments, Ministries/Departments of the Government of India, Bharat Ratna and
Padma Vibhushan awardees and Institutes of Excellence by 1st October.
Recommendations received from them and also from other sources like Ministers,
Chief Ministers/Governors of State, Members of Parliament, as also private individuals,
bodies etc., are placed before the Padma Awards Committee. The Awards
Committee is constituted by the Prime Minister every year.
9• The recommendations made by the Awards Committee are submitted to the Prime
Minister and the President for their approval. No award is conferred except on the
recommendation of the Awards Committee.
10• The total number of awards to be given in a year (excluding posthumous awards and to foreigners) should not be more than 120.
11• The names of the award winners are published in the Gazette of India. The
President may cancel and annul the award of the decoration to any person.
12• The Awards are announced on 26th January every year and are presented by the
President of India in an Awards presentation Ceremony held at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
The ceremony is generally held in the month of March/April.
13• The decoration comprises a Sanad (Certificate) issued under the hand and seal of
the President and a Medallion. A commemorative brochure giving out brief details in
respect of each award winner is also released on the day of the investiture ceremony.
14• The recipients are also given a replica of the medallion, which they can wear
during any ceremonial/State functions etc., if they so desire.
15• The award does not amount to a title and cannot be used as a suffix or prefix to
the award winner’s name on letterheads, invitation cards, posters, books etc. In the
case of any misuse, the defaulter will forfeit the award.
16• No cash allowance or any facility/benefit in terms of concession etc. in rail/air
travel is attached to these awards.
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